Dear Ruhl,
If I might be so bold allow me to reply in specific:
1. I don't compete. Can someone please tell me about refeeding in the off-season: how often to refeed, how much to increase total calories by, and for how long before going back to normal calories?
>>>> In the off-season, you would be on a bulking diet yes? And thus, refeeding won't really be necessary unless you were dieting in the off-season? Perhaps, you might divulge your current menu in a quantitative and qualitative sense, and we might be in a better position to compare notes?
Still, the notion of a weekend caloric surplus on top of a weekday caloric surplus is very appealing. To be honest, taking a good 4,000-5,000 calories from "clean" foods is worse than being tied-up and whipped. The former is painful and boring while the latter could dare I say be a tad more amusing.
Let's go by the argument that, if 5,000 calories is rather anabolic, then 10,000 calories will be hyper-anabolic. But we won't be refeeding for too long since this could lead to a disproportionate gain in fat relative to muscle. And thus, we normally keep the refeed to one day for every week or even every two weeks, depending on your bodycomposition and other biological factors. If you are a hardgainer, then you just might want to refeed every day...
That being said, you could go crazy on Sunday or Saturday, and stuff yourself silly with all the junkfood you can find. This is perhaps, eating for sanity (quoting Vince Taylor....), since a food craving gnawing away at your mind might just be the last straw that cause the so-called steroid rage, or worse still, road rage.
Thus, on one weekend day, have your potatoes sauteed in butter, your chicken wings battered, and fried, your pasta laced with as much triple-cream as the cows would allow, your coffee with as much sugar as you can comfortably dissolve, your sirloin with the fat..... you get my drift.
After this one day of dietary hereticism, return to your "clean" diet of boiled potatoes, steamed rice, grilled skinless chicken breasts and all the tasteless but necessary, dare I say penitentiary approach to nutrition, and on a grander scale, life in general that tends to be the hallmark of the bodybuilding subculture.
Just give us a sample of your typical menu and other pertinent lifestyle factors and we'll see what we can do.
Godspeed, and happy HSTing