Your body will essentially adapt to anything. I know a real skinny little guy who I train with on Sundays. He likes doing partials, and does them exclusively. He gets about 300 up and does only the last few inches of the rep range. It's impressive, but that's the limit of his strength. With a full range of motion, he's normal strenghth.
That said, partial reps have their place. For example, if you're doing a military press you don't have to push the bar up to your arm's full extension. About half way through the motion your triceps are bearing most of the weight, so it doesn't really benefit your shoulders.
If you want an interesting approach to partials, check out what I'm doing my next HST cycle. I'm calling Cluster 21. Sounds cool. Really isn't.
A 21 is where you do a 7/7/7 split of reps on an exercise. First you do one half of the motion, then the other, then the full motion for the last 7 reps. So basically I'll be doing another clustered set of HST as I've just done, with interesting and good results I must say, with 21 as the rep count and the 7/7/7 setup for the approach to each exercise. By necessity the weights will be a little lower than normal.
My last HST cycle I did 20X1, 10X2 and 5X4. What's more, I did it in four weeks, shortening every microcycle to one instead of two weeks. Gonna follow up with a little DC training for another 4 weeks or so, then SD, then do the Cluster 21 approach. I basically want to see the results I can get with this time under tension. I'll be doing the 21 straight through for as long as I can, then rest pausing whenever I have to during the heavier weights. I'll still be shortening the first two microcycles, but I'll keep the last two at their regular two week lengths. I seem to grow most and best during the heavier part anyway, and if I keep the first two microcycles their regular two week length I lose strength.
One thing I'm wondering is if there might be a particular order I should do the 21s in. I'm thinking of doing the fuuly stretched portion of the rep for the first seven, then the contracted portion, then the full motion.
I'm only doing this because I know a few people who swear by 21s and have results to show for it, and I'm thinking it's basically because the 21s forced them to load their muscles for a good TUT, which they normally wouldn't have done.