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(scientific muscle @ Jan. 14 2008,17:59)</div><div id="QUOTEHEAD">QUOTE</div><div id="QUOTE"> <div></div><div id="QUOTEHEAD">QUOTE</div><div id="QUOTE">Sarah B. Wilkinson1, Mark A. Tarnopolsky2, Emily J. Grant1, Caroline E. Correia1 and Stuart M. Phillips1
(1) Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
(2) Pediatrics and Neurology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
Accepted: 28 August 2006 Published online: 14 September 2006
Abstract We aimed to gain insight into the role that the transitory increases in anabolic hormones play in muscle hypertrophy with unilateral resistance training. Ten healthy young male subjects (21.8 ± 0.4 years, 1.78 ± 0.04 m, 75.6 ± 2.9 kg; mean ± SE) engaged in unilateral resistance training for 8 week (3 days/week). Exercises were knee extension and leg press performed at 80–90% of the subject’s single repetition maximum (1RM). Blood samples were collected in the acute period before and after the first training bout and following the last training bout and analyzed for total testosterone, free-testosterone, luteinizing hormone, sex hormone binding globulin, growth hormone, cortisol, and insulin-like growth factor-1. Thigh muscle cross sectional area (CSA) and muscle fibre CSA by biopsy (vastus lateralis) were measured pre- and post-training.
Acutely, no changes in systemic hormone concentrations were observed in the 90 min period following exercise and there was no influence of training on these results. Training-induced increases were observed in type IIx and IIa muscle fibre CSA of 22 ± 3 and 13 ± 2% (both P < 0.001). No changes were observed in fibre CSA in the untrained leg (all P > 0.5). Whole muscle CSA increased by 5.4 ± 0.9% in the trained leg (P < 0.001) and remained unchanged in the untrained leg (P = 0.76). Isotonic 1RM increased in the trained leg for leg press and for knee extension (P < 0.001).
No changes were seen in the untrained leg. In conclusion, unilateral training induced local muscle hypertrophy only in the exercised limb, which occurred in the absence of changes in systemic hormones that ostensibly play a role in muscle hypertrophy.</div>
I respectfully agree with Totentanz. As does this abstract.</div>
Two things.
First, I was careful to say "When squats are done sufficiently to release hormones" the systemic effect would be seen. Based on what this study says, its highly
unlikely this would happen. From whatI can see here theres not too much stimuli, Is this all of the study you have?
This is the problem with relying blindly on this type of experiment and not finding congruency with your own experiences and your own ability to reason.
Who here, after a heavy leg workout, has not at one time or another FELT a surge of testosterone after youve got your wind back? For me it happens every time on the way home. This study says this isnt the case. Who you gunna believe?
Having said that I do believe the carry over effect is limited due to the following.
Logically we would see the following IF the subject did a set of 20 rep breathing squats ( adequate to set off growth factors), a set of curls, and had lets say a strained rotator cuff.
Most of the hormonal and other healing elements would address the directly worked areas in order of most need.
The squat would induce the most serious need in the body, not only would the glutes, quads etc.. be the most affected by the excercise but they are also the most needy in terms of survival, the body distinctly reacts to survival type situation first and foremost.
Then, next,the directly stimulated arms would be addressed as they had been most recently injured.
Third would be the rotator cuffs and the rest of the body where percieved injury exists.
Finally the rest of the body.
The body will deal with the most threatening injuries first then on to the least. How much of this scenario that actaully would come to fruition would be dependant on how much growth factors are available in the system. How much GH and testostrone in the system, how much nutrients, how much electrical energy etc....
Thus the people in the study who are not adequately stimulating the growth factors are not "priming the pump" enough to expect carry over to other body parts.
Whearas a 20 rep breathing squater likely would, and a pro bodybuilder shooting copius amounts of GH will see growth all over.
Carry over is proportionate to stimulation and biological environment in the body.
I sure as hell hope I started this thread with "this is my opinion"
RR