T-Nation: Here's a controversial question for you: Can an experienced lifter really build muscle and lose fat at the same time?
Chad Waterbury: That's an excellent, albeit polarizing question. Many coaches say that you can't build muscle and lose fat at the same time. Their reasoning usually goes something like this: you need a caloric surplus to build muscle but you need a caloric deficit to lose fat, and since you can't have a surplus and a deficit at the same time it's postulated that you can't gain muscle and lose fat at the same time.
My position is that the answer probably isn't as elementary as merely looking at it from a surplus verses deficit standpoint. It's likely that other complex processes such as the production of mechano-growth factor (MGF), IGF-1, and insulin fluctuations determine whether a person can gain muscle and lose fat at the same time.
MGF is derived from IGF-1 and it's expressed in muscles that have been mechanically overloaded: resistance training. Some people might express more MGF than others, and some types of training might produce more MGF than others — we honestly don't know at this point. My postulate, however, is that High Frequency Training (HFT) results in the highest production of MGF. But I don't want to get off on that tangent at this juncture.
From an endocrine standpoint, growth hormone induces both muscle growth and fat loss. So there is a hormone that can do both at the same time. But as many athletes and bodybuilders now know, growth hormone injections rarely end up being worth the effort and expense. So the answer probably isn't as simple as merely focusing on growth hormone.
The answer probably lies in the hormones that are expressed further down the line when skeletal muscles are overloaded — MGF being one that's surfaced over the last few years. There's no doubt that many more will emerge.
Certain real-world observations seem to demonstrate that people can lose fat and gain muscle at the same time. When my buddy went to boot camp he was a fat slob. Over the course of basic training, he lost 20 pounds of fat. But what's interesting is that his pectorals, calves, and forearms all grew!
Importantly, this wasn't a smoke-and-mirrors effect such is the case when someone loses fat and his muscles look bigger because he's more ripped. My buddy's muscles were measurably bigger than when he entered boot camp! And this was in the face of losing 20 pounds.
Now, everyone knows that basic training is probably the most catabolic event ever created, so how was my buddy able to build bigger muscles? Did his body respond to the shock of daily running by producing more MGF in his calf muscles? Or was he fluctuating between a caloric surplus and deficit in the face of constantly changing activity levels?
And if he was in a caloric surplus on some days, how did he still manage to lose 20 pounds of fat in such a short time period? I don't know, but I think it proves that we have much more to figure out before we can say that muscle growth and fat loss can or can't occur in synchrony.
Chris, your Velocity Diet has produced some of the fastest fat loss that the fitness industry has ever seen. And I bet as more data is compiled, it'll be shown that some people gain muscle on the plan. Maybe they gain muscle because of a more effective resistance training plan? Or maybe they gain muscle because of increased protein intake?
Based on the simplistic surplus verses deficit relationship, no one should be able to gain muscle on the Velocity Diet because they spend an entire month in a caloric deficit. But I bet many do. How do we explain that?
Anyway, back to my book. With all that being said, whether or not you can gain muscle and lose fat at the same time is a moot point. If you want to do both, it's simply better to alternate between periods of a caloric surplus and a caloric deficit. The eating plans for fat loss and muscle gain in Muscle Revolution focus on alternating between surplus and deficit periods.
But the fact that I prescribe surplus and deficit periods might not seem immediately obvious when people read Muscle Revolution because the book doesn't prescribe eating plans with fluctuating calories throughout the week. Instead, a person's activity levels will determine whether he's in a deficit or surplus. On his off days he'll be in a surplus; on his training days he'll be in a deficit.
Some coaches organize their client's eating plan so the surplus is on the training day and the deficit is on the off day. I've found that either approach can work. When I wrote the book I tried to make things as easy as possible for people, so I chose an eating plan with unchanging calories.